Which term describes the technique that uses closely spaced dots to create shapes from a distance?

The technique that utilizes closely spaced dots to form shapes from a distance is known as pointillism. This artistic method relies on the principle of optical mixing, where the viewer's eye blends the dots together when seen from a distance, creating the illusion of solid forms and colors. In the context of permanent makeup, pointillism can enhance the appearance of features by allowing for subtle definition and texture, often resulting in a natural look that mimics the way light interacts with the skin.

The other techniques mentioned, such as shading, blending, and hatching, have distinct characteristics. Shading typically involves varying the intensity of color to provide depth and dimension. Blending refers to the smooth transition of colors or tones, while hatching involves drawing closely spaced parallel lines to create patterns or visual textures. None of these methods rely on the strategic placement of dots to achieve visual effects in the same way pointillism does.